Identifikationsnummer
2021.22:3
Edo designations
English designations
Commemorative Head
Categories
Altar & Shrine Objects
Heads
Location
1 Adesogbe (Plymouth) Road, P.M.B. 1115, Benin City , Edo State
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Commemorative Head
Commemorative Head
Commemorative Head
Commemorative Head
Commemorative Head
Commemorative Head
Commemorative Head
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Commemorative Head

Iconographies

2 annotations
Colar Bead
Odigba
Coral beaded collar

Odigba (coral-beaded collar) is a rigid neck collar made of coral beads, worn as part of ceremonial attire only by senior princes who have been made Enigie (Inneh 2007, p. 107). Although Ibafe (2007, p. 43) argued that the Odigba was introduced during the Ogiso period (c. 900–c. 1170 AD) by Ogiso Ere, along with other symbolically important Emwin Arhe, such as the Ada (ceremonial sword) and the Ẹbẹn (ceremonial sword), this seems unlikely, as coral was only introduced in the late 15th century through trade with Portuguese merchants.

1 annotation
Odigba
Ititi ako
Star beads

The Ititi ako is a cluster of coral beads, usually three or four, attached to a pin and used to embellish the royal crowns on Uhunmwu-Elao (commemorative heads) and Uhunmwu-Ẹkuẹ (pendant masks). These bead clusters are also known as star beads, which indicate the prosperous destiny of an individual or wearer. Apart from enhancing the appearance of the wearer, they also represent the individual’s high social status. Judging from their presence on a variety of head sculptures, both men and women wore Ititi ako.

1 annotation
Ititi ako

Provenance

7 events
Production
unknown to February 22, 1897 (day approximate)
The object was produced by Unknown member(s) of the Igun-Ẹrọnmwọn guild in Benin City.
Looted
February 22, 1897 (day approximate) to June 1899 (year approximate)
The object was looted by Unknown member(s) of the Igun-Ẹrọnmwọn guild from Benin Kingdom.
Unknown
February 22, 1897 (year approximate) to September 1897
The object is known to have come into contact with Friedrich Erdmann, in Benin City.
Transfer
February 22, 1897 (year approximate) to September 1897
The object was transferred from Friedrich Erdmann through Bey & Co. from Benin City to Hamburg.
Purchase
September 13, 1897
The object was purchased by the MKG Museum fur Kunst und Gewerbe from Bey & Co. and Friedrich Erdmann through Justus Brinckmann in Hamburg.
Transfer
2021
The object was transferred from the MKG Museum fur Kunst und Gewerbe to the MARKK Museum am Rothenbaum Kulturen und Künste der Welt in Hamburg.
Restitution
December 16, 2022
The object was restituted by the MARKK Museum am Rothenbaum Kulturen und Künste der Welt to the Omo n'Oba n'Edo Uku Akpolokpolo, Ọba of Benin & National Commission for Museums and Monuments, Nigeria through Carsten Brosda, S.E. Yusuf Maitama Tuggar, Abba Isa Tijani and Barbara Plankensteiner from Hamburg to Nigeria.

Related archival documents

1 documents
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An archival document representing a Invoices of 1 page(s)
Invoice
MKG Museum fur Kunst und Gewerbe
Anfr. 17
Date
September 13, 1898

Institution data

MARKK Museum am Rothenbaum Kulturen und Künste der Welt
The data was transferred directly by the institution.
Last updated: 2022-06-10
Languages: german, english
Institution fieldValue
Identifikationsnummer
object id
2021.22:3
Titel
designation
Gedenkkopf eines Königs
Materialien
material
ANORGANISCH/Metall/Gelbguß
Heutiges Staatsgebiet des Herstellungsortes
production place
Königtum Benin, Nigeria
Provenienz/Name
prior source
provenance
Erdmann
Provenienz Objektitinerar Akteure Orte Daten
provenance
Museum für Kunst und Gewerbe Hamburg
Provenienz/Affiliation
provenance
H. Bey & Co., Bey & Zimmer
Provenienz/Country
provenance
Germany
Provenienz/Date of Birth
provenance
23.10.1866
Provenienz/Date of Death
provenance
presumably 1907
Provenienz/First Name
provenance
Friedrich
Provenienz/No
provenance
Provenienz/Place of Birth
provenance
Altona (today Hamburg)
Provenienz/Place of Death
provenance
presumably South Africa
Provenienz/Profession
provenance
Merchant
Provenienz/Role-Function/0
provenance
Consignor
Provenienz/Role-Function/1
provenance
Collector
Provenienz/Sex
provenance
male
Provenienz/Short Biography
provenance
Friedrich Erdmann (1866-presumably 1907) was a merchant from Hamburg and worked as a managing director for the trading company Bey & Zimmer in Lagos, Warri and Sapele in southern Nigeria. Erdmann is known to have visited Benin City after it was conquered by British troops, taking the artefacts that remained there to sell with the permission of the British military, as well as photographing the area. Erdmann was one of the key figures in Bey’s Benin business, selling a total of 13 objects from the Kingdom of Benin to the museum in 1898. His widow, Alma, corresponded with Felix von Luschan (1854–1924) in Berlin, and later sold objects from her husband’s collection. His son Kurt (1901–1964) was an art historian; he also sold pieces from his father’s estate.
Provenienz/Street
provenance
Große Bäckerstraße 24
Provenienz/Town
provenance
Hamburg
Hersteller kulturhist. Herkunftsgesellschaft
ethnic attribution
Heutiger Aufbewahrungsort Sammlung
department and institution
Museum am Rothenbaum. Kulturen und Künste der Welt (MARKK)
Akquisitionsdatum
accession date
2021
Alte Inventarnummer
1897.472
Inventurdatum
Label Text (deu)
Gedenkkopf eines Königs Unbekannte Werkstatt der Bronzegießergilde Igun Eronmwon / Königreich Benin, Nigeria 16. Jh. / Gelbguss / Übernahme vom Museum für Kunst und Gewerbe Hamburg, 2021, Inv. Nr. 2021.22:3 Der Königskopf hat eine besondere historische Bedeutung: Er wurde kurz nach der Zerstörung der Königsstadt Benin 1897 von Justus Brinckmann, dem damaligen Direktor des Hamburger Museums für Kunst und Gewerbe, gemeinsam mit drei weiteren als erste Benin-Werke im deutschsprachigen Raum erworben. Die Vorstellung des Kopfes bei einer Fachtagung in Lübeck im November 1897 löste euphorisches Interesse aus und markierte den Beginn der regen Sammeltätigkeit von deutschen Museen.
Label Text (eng)
Commemorative Head of a King Unidentified workshop of the Bronze Casters Guild Igun Eronmwon / Benin Kingdom, Nigeria 16th century / Brass / Transfer from the Museum für Kunst und Gewerbe Hamburg, 2021, Inv. no. 2021.22:3 The king’s head has a special historical significance: acquired shortly after the destruction of the royal city of Benin in 1897 by Justus Brinckmann, then director of the Museum für Kunst und Gewerbe Hamburg, it became one of the first Benin acquisitions in the German-speaking countries, together with three other works. The presentation of the head at a conference in Lübeck in November 1897 triggered euphoric interest and marked the beginning of intense collecting activities by German museums.
Maße
Höhe: 26,80 cm; Breite: 19,30 cm
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